Hatikvah

“Gli Ingliesi son arrivati!”

Shouts coming from the street penetrate our crowded dark dust and soot covered basement cellar where I wait, nervously, with my sister and parents.

We look at each other through quiet eyes, too scared to make a sound.

“Gli Inglesi son arrivati! Gli Inglesi son arrivati!” echoes down to us again.

Small boys yell through streets where, just moments ago, German troops funneled through, on their way to battle.

Could it be a trick?

I look at my father.

His eyes reveal nothing in the almost pitch blackness of our cellar.

A streak of light flashes across his shadowed face from the crack in the wall revealing the sun-soaked day beyond our little make-shift bunker.

“GLI INGLESI SON ARRIVATI!”

They are nearby, it’s getting louder.

Straining my body so I may place my face next to my father’s, I ask in a whisper “What do you think?”

His eyes dart toward me.

Then, without a word, his head nods up ever so slightly; almost imperceptible in the darkness.

I head his order.

Without thinking because thinking would make me not want to do this, I begin to rise.

Moving my body toward the stairway, I step gingerly, hoping to make as little sound as possible as I peak my head out from the cellar entrance.

Could the English really be here?

Could the Germans really be gone?

As I creep up the stairs I see a man in a dark brown uniform crouching behind a makeshift barricade just beyond the cellar entrance.

A BRITISH SOLDIER!

Turning back to my parents and sister, I motion toward the soldier, whispering “Inglesi!”

Smiles rush to their faces.

We’re saved!

Just as I turn back to look again the soldier also turns, revealing a blue six-sided star on his left shoulder.

He is a Jew!

I gingerly rise out of the cellar, keeping my eyes on the soldier.

Perhaps I can connect with him, even though I do not speak English.

What would he know?

As I rise above the cellar, I begin humming the first few bars of Hatikvah, a popular Jewish poem turned to song I learned before the war.

“Daa Da Da Daaa Daaa Daa Daa Daa Da Daaaa”

He eyes me instantly, initially raising his rifle, then lowering it as I rise.

He begins humming along.

A shot rings out in the distance, which doesn’t phase him.

I flinch, but keep up the tune.

Together we hum “Daa Da Da Daaa Daaa Daaa Daa Daa Da Da Daaaa ”

After the first few bars the soldier begins talking to me in English.

I look at him, lost.

He keeps going, not recognizing I do not speak English until I begin humming again.

“Daa Da Da Daaa Daaa Daa Daa Daa Da Daaaa”

Then he stops.

My father rises from the cellar, saying something in yiddish I do not understand.

The soldier responds in yiddish.

They can speak to each other!

This English soldier and my Italian father, speaking yiddish, chat to each other as bullets crackle in the distance.

My father smiles, laughs, reaches out his arms, and hugs the soldier.

Other British soldiers begin peering out of crevices and from other street barricades.

They all have blue six-sided stars on their arms.

We are liberated by fellow Jews!

The shots become less frequent as the hugs and cheers grow.

Yiddish rushes forth from mouth to mouth as the soldiers talk with my dad.

I sit down next to the soldier, I first saw, looking up at him in awe.

Can this be how our war ends?

My father looks down at me, a smile on his face.

Yes.

Many Italian civilians were caught up in the battles to liberate Italy from the Italian Fascists and Germans during World War II. Among these civilians were a good number of Jews. In one instance, being Jewish is what enabled an Italian family to connect with a British soldier of the Jewish Brigade, as the Brigade liberated part of Florence. As quoted from Road to Valor by Aili McConnon:

On Via del Bandino, it was announced by hopeful shouting of local boys, “Gli inglesi son arrivati!” “The English have arrived!” Sitting in the cellar with his parents and sister, Giorgio Goldenberg crept cautiously out to investigate. He was startled to see a British soldier standing right on the street beside his building. On the soldier’s shoulder, he saw a Star of Daivd. Giorgio didn’t speak any English, but wanted desperately to communicate with this man whom he recognized as an ally. So he started singing, at first quietly and then loud enough so that the solder could hear him. He sang the melody of the Hatikvah, a popular Hebrew song that would later become the national anthem of Israel.

The solder recognized the song and burst forth in an excited flurry of English that Giorgio did not understand. Giorgio dashed downstairs to find his father and bring him to street level. His father and the soldier began to speak together in Yiddish. Giorgio watched them happily, a feeling of relief washing over him for the first time in years. “For me, this was the end of the war,” he said later.

Hatikvah later became the national anthem for the newly founded state of Israel.

Gunther

Emerging from the fog just outside Chaumont-devant-Damvillers, my combat spread platoon halts, as Chambers (on point) signals movement ahead.

 

A staccato series of shots ring out from their position, flying high above our heads.

 

Even though the shots are high, muscle memory drops the platoon in one, seemingly, coordinated move.

 

No one wants to be the last to die in this war.

 

Turning my head toward the fire, I can make out the faint shapes of stahlhelm (German helmets) in a crater by the side of the road.

 

“Their warning us” Powell says, shifting his rifle under his body to his left side so he can clear his line of sight to the enemy.

 

I look back at Powell, my Sergeant now.

 

We used to be pals and equals.

 

His eyes lock with mine.

 

He probably knows what I’m thinking right now.

 

Reaching his right arm toward me, he gently says “It’s not worth it, not now.”

 

I turn my head from him, toward the enemy machine gun.

 

If I could get that before the end, I’d make things right.

 

Rising as I pull my bayoneted rifle up from the frost-covered mud, I feel Powell’s hand on my right thigh.

 

“STOP” He tries to grab my rifle as he yells.

 

Far enough away, so he can’t get a grip on me or my weapon, I slip out of Powell’s reach as I break into a run.

 

We’re so close.

 

I can redeem myself before it’s all over!

 

DAMN IT, GUNTHER, I SAID HALT! Sgt. Powell screams at me as I get within 25 meters of the enemy.

 

Other men of the 313th, Baltimore’s Own, yell for me to stop as well.

 

“It’s almost over!”, “Don’t do it Gunther!”, “They’re not worth it!”

 

I can capture them.

 

I can show how American I am.

 

Just aware of my approach, the gun crew waves at me.

 

Within 20 meters I can see through the fog the expression on their faces change.

 

They know I’m not stopping!

 

“Go. . ., Go Back!” they yell, attempting to wave me away.

 

One holds a watch up on his right arm, while showing two fingers with left hand.

 

“Almost 11, GO BACK!” another yells.

 

I can’t go back, there’s no going back!

 

Within 10 meters the German who seems to be in charge screams, “NO TIME. . ., STOP. . ., OVER!”

 

I’m not stopping till I make things right.

 

At 5 meters I scream “SURRENDER!” at the top of my lungs as I race forward, firing a round to emphasize my point.

 

The man behind the machine gun shifts its barrel to aim directly at me.

 

They won’t.

 

Within 2 meters I can see the soldier behind the gun looking at the one who screamed for me to stop.

 

He then looks down, before pulling the chain which is attached to the trigger of the gun.

 

I’m American!

 

 

 

Private Henry Gunther was the last American to be killed in World War I when he was shot through the head at 10:59 am on November 11, 1918. Gunther, who until recently had been a Sergeant, was demoted when a letter he wrote advising a friend to avoid the war because of the horrible conditions at the front was caught by Army censors and delivered to his commanding officer. A Baltimore boy of German parents, Gunther may have felt compelled to prove how American he was, rather than ending the war in disgrace. The next day Private Gunther was recognized by General Pershing, the American Expeditionary Force commander, as the last American to die in the war. He was restored as a Sergeant, awarded the Divisional Citation for Gallantry in Action and the Distinguished Service Cross, and is honored to this day with a plaque in France recognizing him as the last allied soldier to die in the war. Before the war Henry Gunther was a bookkeeper at the National Bank of Baltimore and had a girlfriend, Olga Gruebl, who he intended to marry. He is buried at Most Holy Redeemer Cemetery in Baltimore.

 

Investigations about the last day of the war reveal possibly 11,000 allied soldiers were killed or wounded between the time the armistice was signed at 5 am and the cessation of hostilities at 11 am. The reason for this was French commander-in-chief Marshal Foch refused to allow a cease-fire. The news of the armistice was spread instantly to units across the front on both sides, but the officers in charge of Allied units mostly maintained the attack, despite the fact all German units would surrender their positions at 11 am. To put this number of deaths in context, it was very high for a single day in World War I, even though it only captures about five hours of active combat, and it is greater than the number of soldiers who lost their lives on D-Day, June 6, 1944 when the allies stormed the beaches of Normandy to begin the liberation of Western Europe from the NAZIs. Gunther may have been striving for redemption that day. What of the other 10,999, of which more than 3,000 were American?